Pirates!

I have gotten back into some family history work lately, after a long break.  I have been studying Mayflower ancestors and their first two generations of descendants in the New World... and I've come across not one, but two encounters with pirates!

In 1651, Elizabeth Howland (daughter of Elizabeth Tilley and John Howland, both Mayflower passengers) married Captain John Dickinson (sometimes spelled Dickenson, Dickarson, or other variations).  They - and several of Elizabeth's other married siblings, including my direct ancestors Desire Howland and Captain John Gorham - lived in Barnstable, MA.  By 1653, Dickinson was master of the 120-ton sloop Desire - the third vessel built in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  It was owned by Samuel Mayo, William Paddy, and John Barnes.

The ship was hired by Rev. William Leverich and the brothers Peter, Anthony, and Nicholas Wright, to take them, their families, and all of their possessions to Oyster Bay, Long Island, where they had purchased land from the Native Americans and intended to start a new town.  On arriving in Hempstead Bay, the ship was seized by pirate Thomas Baxter, an Englishman who had a letter of marque from the Rhode Island government to prey on Dutch shipping (the English and Dutch were at war at the time).  He allowed the passengers to disembark, then took the sloop and its cargo to Fairfield Harbor, Connecticut.  It is possible that John Dickinson had run past Baxter's blockade on previous occasions, doing trade between New England and New Amsterdam, and that this qualified the ship in Baxter's mind as a valid target.

Capt. Mayo brought suit against Capt. Baxter, who was arrested, tried, forced to return his booty and pay a fine for "disturbing the peace", and banished from New Haven Colony.  A further civil suit by Capt. Mayo won further damages, financially ruining Thomas Baxter, who is said to have gone to Nevis where he died.  John Dickinson and his family moved to Oyster Bay themselves around 1658.

A generation later, around May 1695, Desire Howland and John Gorham's youngest son, Shubael Gorham, was traveling with his friends and family to Nantucket for his marriage to Puella Hussey when "the members of the wedding party were taken prisoner by a French shallop from Port Royal and were stripped of all their valuables."  I have found a mention that Shubael's brother John was among that party, but nothing further to indicate which other family members might have been.  They had eight other siblings alive at the time, all married with children.  Their parents had passed.

While my brief research has not turned up more documentation and details of these events, they each must have been the talk of the family!

The Peck's George Street Estate

I have recently been working with new information researched by family members, and with a source we haven't worked with before: A Genealogical History of the Descendants of Joseph Peck, by Ira B. Peck.  Not only does this add four generations of Pecks to our family tree, it provides new details which connect to "A Plan of the Town of New Haven With all the Buildings in 1748" by James Wadsworth. 

The History traces back to a Henry Peck (1618-1651, my tenth great grandfather) who supposedly emigrated to Boston in 1637 in the company of Gov. Theophilus Eaton, Rev. John Davenport, and others, aboard the ship Hector.  Henry and a Deacon William Peck (probably a relative) were among the first settlers of New Haven in 1638.

Henry's home lot was on the first of the eight unnamed streets which were laid out to form the town's grid plan.  That street would be called Brick Street, then Leather Lane, then in 1784 George Street (after George Washington).  The lot was to the south of what was called Market Street, then in 1784 renamed Church Street.

The History provides details on how the "George Street Estate" was passed down through the generations, pointing out that at the time of publishing (1868), at least part of it was still occupied by Henry Peck's descendants.  In 1720, it had at least an old house, a new house, an orchard, and a barn.

By 1748 the "new house" was owned by Stephen Peck (1730-1802, a direct ancestor), who is shown on the Wadsworth map as a blockmaker.  In 1753 he married Esther Munson, daughter of Israel Munson (whose inn is also shown on the map, in the upper-right-hand part of the grid).  They had seven children.  Esther passed away in 1768 and Stephen remarried Lydia Miles, apparently not having further children.

Also worth noting here: Stephen's half-brother James Peck, Jr. was an innkeeper.  His inn is shown on the wharf on the Wadsworth map.

Two of Stephen and Esther's sons: Henry (1755-1802, a direct ancestor) and John (1759-1805) lived on or near the George Street Estate.  The History states that Henry lived on the estate, building a house which in 1868 was still occupied by Lewis Mix (1821-1906, brother of my fourth great grandmother Mary).  Henry and John "were spar and blockmakers; their shop was upon the same lot near their dwelling."  I suspect they inherited their father's shop.

Sources:

A Genealogical History of the Descendants of Joseph Peck, appendix: Descendants of Henry Peck, of New Haven, Connecticut, by Ira B. Peck (Alfred Mudge & Son, Boston, 1868)

A Plan of the Town of New Haven With all the Buildings in 1748, by Hon. Gen. James Wadsworth, Thomas Kensett Engraver.  Excerpt taken from the digital copy in Yale's archives.

Flowers for General Grant

One of the interesting anecdotes from my great great grandfather's memoir reads as follows:

One Decoration Day in the '80's, I saw, riding in the same carriage, in the parade, Gen. U. S. Grant and Gen. "Phil" Sheridan.  Years later I learned that at the reviewing stand the procession halted a few minutes; a lot of little girls all dressed in white, stood at attention while one went forward and presented a bouquet of flowers to Gen. Sheridan.  Gallant Irish gentleman that he was, he lifted her up and kissed her.  Another then gave Gen. Grant a bouquet, so, not to be outdone, he likewise picked her up and kissed her.  This little girl was "Allie" Corbett who later became my wife and told me of the incident when I spoke of seeing these two men at that time at another point.  So, altho Gen. Grant kissed her first, I got the girl!

I tracked down more information about this, including accounts from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and the History of U. S. Grant Post No. 327.  While they differ in some of the details from Fred and Alice's recollections, the core of the story is still the same.

The parade took place on Friday, 30 May 1884.  The notables arrived in carriages on a ferry from New York City in the morning, proceeding along Broadway to Fourth Street (today part of Bedford Ave) and then onto Bedford Ave.  The crowd at this point was sedate.  "The reception was essentially a military one, for the populace sent up no cheer, there was no waving of handkerchiefs, and scarcely any tokens of recognition of the guests were given except occasionally by Grand Army men.  General Grant looked sad and melancholy, not even the faintest sign of a smile lighting up his countenance."

The parade route.  A: Knapp residence, #87 Bedford Ave.  B: Reviewing stand.
C: Corbett and Williams residences, #26 and #28 Lafayette Ave.

The parade stopped at the corner of Bedford Ave and Ross Street, where the dignitaries stepped into the home of Joseph and Phoebe Knapp for a reception - which I'll describe in a moment.  After that, the parade continued along Bedford Ave to Lafayette Ave, turning onto Clinton Ave, Myrtle Ave, and finally Washington Park (Cumberland St) to reach the reviewing stand at Fort Greene.

Grant and Sheridan were taken by a back route to the reviewing stand, rather than continuing as part of the parade.  I suspect, given the location of the parade route and the Williams home (next door to the Corbetts), that 16-year-old Fred saw the latter part of the parade, near the reviewing stand.  The crowd for the latter part of the parade was larger and livelier.  "The sidewalks were crowded with spectators all along the line and there was not a house that was not decorated.  Some residences were completely hidden from view with bunting and one would think that the ships in the harbor had been shorn of all their flags. ... The procession took almost an hour and a half to pass a given point. ... The paraders went by in good order and excited general admiration by their steady movement."

The presentation of flowers took place not at the reviewing stand, but in the music room of the Knapp home.  Joseph Knapp had built a grand room to present both music and art, for his wife Phoebe Palmer Knapp who was a composer and church organist.  It had a 24-rank pipe organ and a stained glass roof.

General (and ex-President, though he was still commonly referred to by his military title) Ulysses S. Grant was dressed in civilian clothing that day.  At the reception, he "stood just before the largest painting in the elegant gallery" - Adriaen van de Venne's 'Proscribed Race'.  General Philip "Little Phil" Sheridan - then General-in-Chief of the U.S. Army - was in full uniform.  "His broad yellow silk sash making an imposing sweep across the swelling front of his coat, [he] brought his head within the frame of Carlos Duran's 'Fruit Girl.'"  The house was filled with plants and Grand Army emblems, and about 300 invited guests who lined up to meet the gentlemen.

Gen. Sheridan, ca. 1855-1865

Gen. Grant, ca. 1870-1880

About ten o'clock, "six white-robed girls, each bearing a bright bouquet, marched through the throng and halted before General Grant."  Blanche Calvert presented flowers to Grant, reciting a short speech.  Grant "kissed Miss Blanche and all the other girls, as their grandchildren and great grand-children shall doubtless hear."

"Miss Alice Corbett [age 12] had a bouquet for General Sheridan, to whom she said: 'We welcome you to our city of Brooklyn, because we have often wished to see you, and we hope you will come soon again to smell our sweet Brooklyn flowers.'  General Sheridan, not to be outdone in any little manner of gallantry, immediately kissed Miss Alice, as likewise also such others as came forward."

The other four girls - Edna Pitcher, Ella Bronson, Minnie Reid, and Glenna Knight - then presented their flowers to the hosts and two other guests.  The six girls had been selected because they were daughters of members of Brooklyn's G.A.R. Post No. 327 (later renamed in U. S. Grant's memory), which had organized the reception.

So, while the details differ, Alice Corbett did indeed receive a kiss from General Grant in addition to one from General Sheridan, to whom she presented flowers.

Sources:

History of U. S. Grant Post No. 327, Brooklyn, N.Y., including biographical sketches of its members, by Henry Whittemore, Detroit, 1885; in part quoting the Brooklyn Times, 30 May 1884.

"Fallen Heroes -- Decoration Day Exercises in Brooklyn", Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Fri 30 May 1884, p4.

"Joseph F. Knapp Residence" listed on the American Guild of Organists NYC chapter's website.

Map from Atlas of the entire city of Brooklyn, complete in one volume, 1880, courtesy NYPL Digital Collections.

Portraits from the Brady-Handy collection at the Library of Congress, courtesy Wikimedia Commons.

Family papers.

Fred's Bicycle

My great-great-grandfather Frederick H. Williams enjoyed bicycle riding, and got much practical use out of his "wheel."  He wrote in his memoir:

Alice made me a present of a $100.00 bicycle (Remington) [in 1896], procured thru her uncle Norman Waldron for $65.00, one of the best bicycles ever manufactured.  After taking two or three lessons, I became proficient as a rider, and during the years I owned it, rode over 13,000 miles.  Many a time when my family was away at Corbettsville or Castine, and I was alone in the big house at #28 Lafayette Ave., I would ride thru Prospect Park and down to Coney Island after my supper, stay a half hour watching the people and filling my lungs with fresh sea air, then ride home.  There was a good cinder path for bicyclists on each side of the broad boulevard for six straight and level miles.  As oil or acetylene lamps were required on every bicycle, it was a pretty sight to see thousands of these twinkling lights across on the opposite path as I rode down and back.  On getting home, I would always carefully wipe the dust of the trip from my new machine.  For several years I had no coaster brake but a hand brake on the front tire, so had to pedal or coast down grade, but I seldom coasted.  Most of my riding was done after coming to Binghamton and I explored all this region within a radius of 25 miles very carefully.  My longest single ride in one day was to Earlville, 60 miles.

In his "Events and Dates" diary he would often note the days on which he would get out or put away the bicycle for the season, and he kept careful track of his cyclometer readings.  His busiest season was 1901, when he rode 1171 miles.  I suspect that the bicycle was the 1896 Light Roadster, of which 15,000 were sold:

Here are a few of the more interesting mentions of his bicycle use:

10 June 1898: Made my best record on bicycle from 1 Jay St. Binghamton to Corbettsville home in 48 minutes.

Corbettsville was about ten and a half miles from downtown Binghamton.  In 1898, his family moved to Corbettsville from Brooklyn, and he got a job as Principal of Binghamton's Truant School.  Up until the family moved into the city...

During September, I rode my bicycle back and forth daily and, with the Truant Officer, made the rounds of the schools to discover illegal absences and thus prospective pupils for my school.

9 Sept 1899: Went to the school principals' annual "melon raid" up to Chenango Bridge.  On the way home got a tack in my bicycle tire - my first puncture in my 3 seasons of riding and cyclometer showing a mileage of 1771.5 miles.

What's a melon raid?  Fred explains in his memoir:

For several years, the men in the school system would go on a "melon raid" on a Saturday afternoon every fall.  Automobiles had not yet appeared so we rode our bicycles out in the country beyond Port Dick, where a farmer, by previous arrangement, furnished several bushel crates of fine muskmelons for us, which we fell to and ate until we were fairly uncomfortable, then pedalled back to the city.  Some who had wire carriers on the handlebars brought home some of the left-over fruit.

Aug 1904 [while visiting Oneonta, NY]:  Took bicycle and rode over 70 miles around neighboring country.  Rode it to Cooperstown [on the 16th], and had fine sail around Ostego Lake. 

30 June 1905: Rode bicycle to Quaker Lake - first ride into the country this season - and went on a most interesting physical geography expedition with Howard Wilson, examining the barrier that causes the lake to exist.

Fred's good friend Howard was a geologist, and they went on several expeditions together.  This held Fred's interest because he taught the subject at Binghamton Central High School at that point.  Howard wrote a paper about the barrier which formed Quaker Lake.

In August 1909, Fred's father-in-law, Rev. Dr. Henry Tuckley organized a camp-meeting at Dimock, Pennsylvania.  He hired three Pennsylvania State Constables to provide security for the event.  Fred rode his bicycle to Dimock (30 miles from Binghamton) "and first saw these nattily uniformed men, fearless, upstanding men with whom there was no fooling.  I had read carefully some time before an article about them in The Outlook and had brought up the subject, with stories of them in action among the coal miners, in my Civics classes, so I was glad to interview them at the breakfast table one morning."

30 May 1912: Had bad fall from bicycle by carelessness of another man.  Was flung against telegraph pole and wire and disabled left shoulder and arm.

31 May 1913: Rode wheel for first time since my accident on Decoration Day, 1912.  Last year I rode 81 miles only and as my cyclometer was stolen at school, had just got a new one.  Total mileage now 12,397.  Start with new cyclometer at 2 miles.

The "Events and Dates" diary ends in 1914, so we don't have further anecdotes.  Based on his comment that he rode over 13,000 miles, it seems that his bicycle use dropped off around that time.  Perhaps that's when he bought an automobile.

Sources:

Illustration from The Bearings, v12 n22, 26 Dec 1895

Additional details from The Bearings and The Cycle Age and Trade Review, 6 Jan 1898, both via thecabe.com

Howard Wilson's paper is: A Glacially Formed Lake in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania (Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, 1914)

Family papers

When The Missionaries Came Home

This photo comes from my great-grandfather's photo album, where he captioned it: "When the Missionaries First Came Home".  I wasn't sure who the missionaries were, or if the moniker was serious or tongue-in-cheek, until I recently fit together several pieces of information.

On the upper right is my great-grandfather, Marshall H. Williams, age 18.  His brother Harrison stands in front of him and sister Mary stands nearby.  At the center of the group is their stepmother, Elizabeth Tuckley Williams.  Their father, Frederick H. Williams was almost certainly behind the camera.

The woman on the left is Jane Tuckley, Elizabeth's sister, and the gentleman is Rev. Ernest A. Yarrow.  Their three children are George, Grace, and Clarence.

I am fairly certain that the older woman on the right is Mary S. Smith Tuckley - Elizabeth and Jane's mother.

Now for the story:

While Fred and Elizabeth were on their wedding trip in June 1903, they stayed for a night in East Granby, CT with "Sime" Yarrow (Fred's spelling).  This puzzled me for a while until I learned that Ernest was called "Syme" by all of his friends.

"Jennie" Tuckley and "Syme" Yarrow were married in August 1904, on her twenty-first birthday.  Wedding announcements mention that they already had plans to embark for Van, Turkey-in-Asia as part of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions immediately following the wedding.  They sailed from Boston a week later and reached Van at the end of September.  While there, Ernest mostly worked with the school which would become Van College (he would become its President).  George, Grace, and Clarence were all born there.

The American Board's procedure seemed to be to send missionaries somewhere for seven or eight years at a time, and then give them a year of leave.  Thus, the Yarrow family returned to the U.S. in June 1912.  My great-great-grandfather writes in his diary:  "June 8.  Jane Yarrow and three children landed in New York returning from Armenia after nearly eight years absence from America.  E.T.W. met her and visited in Newark.  Jane and family arrived in Binghamton June 27."  This dates the photograph to the winter of 1912-13.  Marshall was a freshman at Yale at the time, so this would have been during a holiday break.

Some of the Yarrow's colleagues from Van also visited the Tuckleys and Williamses in Binghamton.

In October 1908, Dr. Clarence D. Ussher, his wife Elizabeth (Barrows) Ussher, and their four children visited for two days while on their own year-long furlough.  Dr. Ussher visited again the following June, staying with Fred and Elizabeth Williams.  Fred - a history teacher - writes that he was "intensely interested in accounts of his experiences among Turks, Kurds, Russians, etc."

In March 1914, Dr. George C. Raynolds paid a visit.  He and his wife had established the mission in Van in 1872, and still worked there.

The Yarrow family returned to Van in July 1913, and were witnesses to the atrocities committed against the Armenians by the Ottoman Turks.  They remained through the 1915 Siege of Van, and fled the city for Russia later that year.  The journal I have from Fred stops in 1914, so I don't know what he might have recorded about those events.  I'll also leave the story here.

Further reading:

• American Board pamphlet about Ernest Yarrow, partly authored by Jane Tuckley Yarrow
• "Relief Workers in the Near East", The Christian Advocate, 2 Sept 1920, p1190
• "Seven 'Good Samaritans' in Armenia 1915-1917", from 168 Hours
• Ernest Yarrow on Wikipedia
• The Siege of Van on Wikipedia

Additional Sources:

American Board Personnel Cards for Ernest A. Yarrow and Jane Tuckley Yarrow

The Epworth Herald, 27 Aug 1904, p324

The Christian Advocate, 25 Aug 1904, p1390

Family papers

The Beginning of Atlas Iron

The earliest mention of Atlas Iron that I have found is the announcement of the formation of the company in the Real Estate Record, 7 Feb 1891, p199.  It took me a while to track this down, but I was recently able to get a good photo from the original publication thanks to the archives of the New York Public Library.

Their advertisement appeared later in that same issue:

Atlas Iron's incorporation was also announced in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle on 12 Feb, and in The Engineering Record and the Engineering News on 14 Feb.

The Men of Atlas Iron

I've been curious about the men who worked together at Atlas Iron.  Henry Williams had no expertise in building, and he joined forces with three younger men who did in order to start the company.  I've discovered that those other three men - Philip Raqué, Frank Harrison and Frederick Youngs - all worked at Union Iron Works just prior to founding Atlas Iron.  They very likely worked on the Columbia Building, which was the third skeleton-framed building in the city, and brought that knowledge with them to Atlas Iron.

As they formed their company, Henry Williams was 52, Philip Raqué was 35, Frank Harrison and Frederick Youngs were both 23, and Henry's son Frederick Williams was 22.  I've also discovered that Frank Harrison, Fred Youngs and Fred Williams lived within a block of each other for a short time - more on that below.

Henry C. Williams with his sons,
Fred (left) and Henry (right), circa 1879

Henry C. Williams was the company's president and put up most of the money for the venture.  He was born in Lower Sandusky, Ohio in 1838.  His parents both passed away while he was young.  He later followed his older brother to New York City.  He served in the Civil War, and then had a very successful career as a stock and bond broker.  He and his wife Mary E. Harrison had two sons: Frederick in 1868 and Henry Jr. in 1869.  His son Frederick described him as "one of those successful 'self-made' men we used to read about; a good, honest, kind-hearted, generous man; clean-living, courteous and chivalrous to a degree not often seen to-day [in 1945],--a gentleman at heart as well as in manners. He was extremely punctilious in keeping his word,--always a little ahead of time for an appointment,--never failing to pay a bill when promised,--and expecting the same in others."

Henry sold his seat on the New York Stock Exchange and retired right around the time he turned 49.  However, he "was of too active a disposition to settle down and live on his income."  He began looking for a new business venture, which ultimately became Atlas Iron Construction.

After Atlas Iron went out of business at the end of 1895, Henry Williams retired to his vacation home in Castine, Maine.  The failure of the company - and his own finances, which he used to try and save it - came as a heavy blow, and his family believed that contributed to his death the following September.


Philip E. Raqué was the company's vice president and engineer.  He was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1855.  He was in the second graduating class of the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1876, earning a degree in mechanical engineering.  His thesis was titled "Design for Iron Foundery", and he was in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.  He and his wife Eliza Ferritt had at least one son, Arthur, in 1888.  They may have had another son in 1896, and I have seen mention of a daughter.  It has been difficult to find clear information about his family or life.

After Atlas Iron, Philip Raqué continued to work as an engineer in New York and New Jersey.  He worked on the Ansonia Apartment Hotel, the Newark Armory and the Jersey City Armory, among other projects.


Frank S. Harrison was the company's secretary, engineer and superintendent.  He was also the cousin of Henry Williams' first wife, Mary Harrison.  Frank was born in New Haven, Connecticut in 1867, grew up there and attended Yale's Sheffield Scientific School.  He graduated in 1886 at the age of 18 (it was a three-year program and, while he was young for his class, this was not unprecedented).  His focus was on civil engineering and his thesis was on cantilever bridges. 

Frank worked as an engineer for several years throughout New England.  Fred Williams described him as "a genius as an engineer", and wrote of his inventing an advanced derrick and devising the roof of an armory drill hall, both for Atlas Iron.  He and Harriet H. Eyster were married in 1892 and they had three daughters: Elizabeth in 1894, Helen in 1896 and Margaret in 1901.  He was "good natured, easy going, and had the knack of getting along well with the men on the various jobs, as well as with everybody else."

After Atlas Iron, Frank Harrison moved to Halltown, West Virginia where he became managing partner and eventually president of Eyster & Son, his father-in-law's paper box board company.


Frederick T. Youngs was the company's treasurer and a builder by trade.  He was born in Stamford, Connecticut in 1867, the eldest son out of eleven children.  By 1880, his family was living in New Rochelle, New York.  I don't know where he went to school.  He and Kate C. Davis married in 1889.  They had a son, William, that same year and another, Frederick Jr., in 1894.

Frederick's father was William H. W. Youngs (sometimes listed as Henry Walmsley Youngs), a prominent architect at the time in New York City.  Most notably, he and his partner William A. Cable - as Youngs & Cable - designed Aldrich Court and the Columbia Building.  Atlas Iron ended up working on a number of buildings designed by Youngs and/or Cable.

After Atlas Iron, Fred Youngs shifted his career focus from steel construction to general construction.  He partnered with Leonard Jacob Jr. as Jacob & Youngs, and devoted much of his career to building the Cathedral of St. John the Divine.

Frederick H. Williams
as an undergraduate

Frederick H. Williams is also worth mentioning here.  He was my great-great-grandfather, and he wrote many of the details which have been passed down through the family about Atlas Iron, Henry Williams (his father) and Frank Harrison.

Fred was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1868.  He graduated from Yale in 1891.  Having no career plans yet except to enter business, he took a job at Atlas Iron.  His duties included copying and typing letters, checking prices and information, and sometimes answering the telephone (which he tried to avoid).  When not busy with his own work he would watch and learn from the men in the drafting room and sometimes assist them with their blueprints.  He was later put in charge of the company payroll.  He and Alice E. Corbett married in 1893.  They had two sons and a daughter: Marshall in 1894, Mary in 1896 and Harrison in 1901.

After Atlas Iron, Fred Williams moved to Binghamton, New York where he had a long career teaching high school history, civics and government.


Fred Williams wrote that he lived near Frank Harrison, and in checking for details I found that not only did they live within a block of each other for a short time, but that Fred Youngs lived nearby as well.  The Harrisons lived briefly at #335 Lafayette Ave. in Brooklyn before moving to New Jersey.  The Williams family lived at #345 Lafayette and the Youngs family lived at either #343 or #341.  Meanwhile, Henry C. Williams lived about a dozen blocks away at #28 Lafayette Ave., and Philip Raqué lived in Jersey City.


In my research, I've only come across a few other names of men involved with the Atlas Iron Construction Company.  They were:

Thomas O. Horton, a civil engineer who graduated from Sheffield Scientific School in 1891.

S. J. Johnston, an engineer.

Edward Raqué, Philip's younger brother, an assistant engineer.

And a Mr. Shulte, who had charge of the company's Jersey City workshop.


Selected Sources:
Philip Raqué obituary, New York Sun, 24 Nov 1936, via FindAGrave.
For Frank Harrison: Obituary Record of Yale Graduates, 1920-21.
I am grateful to Diane Gravlee for sharing her research on Frederick and William Youngs, and to the General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen for providing details on Frederick Youngs (who was a member).
Family papers.